Aig Scandal

[pic] THE INTERNAL CONTROLS AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES THAT LED TO THE BAILOUT OF OUR NATION’S LARGEST INSURANCE COMPANY By: Monte Schwartz PREFACE Anyone who sits in front of the TV has no doubt observed the American International Group (hereinafter AIG) business with the young man who strolls into his parent’s room while they are resting. At the point when his mom inquires as to whether he had a bad dream, he says â€Å"no† and that he’s stressed over his parent’s money related future. Following a twenty-second spiel about his concerns, the dad says, â€Å"Buddy, we’re with AIG† and he goes, â€Å"Oh! what's more, leaves the room and (expecting) back to his room. [1] AIG, set up as a Delaware company in 1921 by Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenburg, is principally occupied with protection related and budgetary exercises in the United States and European nations (more than 130 joined aggregate); including however not constrained to home protection, vehicle protection, life coverage and different speculations. Envision that this young men parents’ find one day with their money related organizers that they lost the entirety of their speculations and protections where they paid dearly.The guardians had consented to make a venture so they and their youngsters could have a made sure about future insurance against advertise dangers. Indeed, it turned into a reality for some Americans. This overwhelming misfortune left numerous citizens with abused resources alongside a weight to pay the â€Å"bill† for the bailout of AIG. PART I: HOUSING MARKET SCANDAL: VIOLATIONS IN BUSINESS OPERATIONS To comprehend the bookkeeping embarrassment of AIG, one should initially comprehend its business exchanges and activities paving the way to the SEC examinations. In 1993, President Bill Clinton marked into law the OmnibusBudget Reconciliation Act, ordinarily known as the OBRA-93 or the Deficit Reduction Act. Part XIII, is o ur essential center, the Revenue Reconciliation Act which permits impediments on official remunerations by constraining the deductible for charge purposes to $1 Million except if the pay was earned through execution, rewards or value: at last expanding the normal administrators check. [2] When an executive’s check rate is principally a reward, those benefits can prompt choices that are not in the wellbeing, present moment and long haul, of citizens or shareholders.You may think what this Act has to do with AIG, yet this demonstration is the very embodiment of why AIG bombed as a business. AIG had paid its top administrators an incredible $165 million in rewards after it had gotten bailout reserves. In mid 1995, the Clinton Administration gave new and changed guidelines to the Community Reinvestment Act, or CRA (in which was made by the Jimmy Carter organization) which de-accentuate a loan specialist to make emotional appraisal quantifies for carefully numerical shares, or as others may state, racial standards. 3] In less difficult terms, private banks were constrained to give advances to low pay families and minority neighborhoods as long as the individual was making a type of pay to reimburse the advance and didn't require any inception of a credit check. In a greater number of ways than one, this was a Federal plan that compelled and coerced banks into advancing cash to individuals at high-chance. The new guidelines likewise trained loan specialists to consider how well they reacted to grievances from gatherings, for example, Minority Community Activist associations like ACORN.In December of that year, Henry Cisneros (herinafter Cisneros), at that point head of Department of Housing and Urban Development (hereinafter HUD), moved Fanny Mae and Freddie Mac towards a prerequisite that 42% of the home loans would now serve prevalently minority neighborhoods and low to direct pay families. In 2000, Andrew Cuomo (hereinafter Cuomo), Cisneros’ replace ment, built up a much progressively forceful social-designing objective by expanding the quantity of home loans to half by strategy for drastically climbing Fanny Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s commands to purchase home loans to under-serve neighborhoods for the low salary. 4] Cuomo additionally urged them to unequivocally enter the sub-prime advance markets, which are credit-default trade markets. What's more, who sold the credit-default trades? AIG did, in light of the fact that it was a protection on bonds. Enormous banks purchase securities and protection arrangements so that if an organization, state General Electric, ought to go into chapter 11, the huge bank is out on whatever superior sum it paid and gets cash from whoever sold the protection strategy, which for this situation was AIG since AIG was the greatest guarantor of credit-default trades. 5] Take for example, for instance, General Electric (GE)[6]. There are just two (2) reasons with respect to why a bank woul d buy credit-default trades. It is possible that they would prefer not to give the full acknowledge sum as it might be a hazard or they are hoping to shroud something, similar to a money exchange. Assume that Bank A needs to better its business relationship with GE thus GE requests $70 million using a loan. The bank, consequently, addresses their senior credit administrator that the greatest they can give is $50 million, because of hazard exposure.However, so as to fulfill the client, the bank loans the $70 million at any rate and discounts the $20 million contrast by buying a credit-default trade from Bank B. The main issue is, GE accepts the whole $70 million originated from Bank A. Presently, Bank B was â€Å"AIG Financial Products† (hereinafter AIGFP), a division of AIG. Bank A was Bank of America, Wells Fargo, JP Morgan Chase, and so on. PART II: THE ACCOUNTING SCANDAL: VIOLATIONS OF INTERNAL CONTROL There are four (4) most normal methods of misshaping a company’s budgetary condition.They are income acknowledgment, cost or cost acknowledgment, representing stores and bookkeeping identified with business blends. [7] AIG twisted their financials by means of representing holds. I'm not catching that's meaning however? In bookkeeping, organizations use stores to take care of future costs, for example, charges, conceivable suit and pay-off obligations or different liabilities. At the point when an organization purposefully adulterates data and misdirects reviewers of genuine monetary reports, these phony exchanges are otherwise called â€Å"sham transactions†.In 2001, the Securities Exchange Commission (in this after SEC) started exploring and making charges that AIG was giving speculators, investors and examiners with bogus fiscal summaries, indicating two hoax plans where the organization adjusted its asset reports through false exchanges in endeavors to disguise the company’s misfortunes on ventures identified with the credit def ault trades. By September of 2003, the SEC recorded a claim against an organization known as Brightpoint Inc. (hereinafter Brightpoint), in which is a discount wholesaler of electronics.Their charges included, however not restricted to, ill-advised utilization of protection arrangements in endeavoring to diminish a misfortune by 11. 9 Million in endeavors to show the open a littler misfortune. Accordingly, Brightpoint’s Financial Statements exaggerated their overall gain. The SEC discovered their net gain exaggerated by 61%. [8] It was uncovered later in the disclosure time frame that AIG was associated with helping Brightpoint to spread out their misfortunes over a timeframe. This strategy is known as â€Å"retroactive insurance† which consolidated two arrangements into one.The two approaches were the Retroactive Coverage and a Prospective Coverage. The â€Å"policy† should take care of the expense of misfortunes over a three-year term. The thought was to †Å"smooth† the fiscal report so people in general didn't see such an effect of misfortunes by AIG customers. Brightpoint paid a month to month premium for this arrangement of $15 Million. This strategy, while totally false, permitted Brightpoint to show an Insurance Receivable of $11. 9 Million. It couldn't be any more obvious, SEC v. Brightpoint (2003). Retroactive Coverage isn't insurance.It simply moved money starting with one spot then onto the next, which the SEC called a â€Å"round-outing of cash†. Brightpoint kept monies with AIG and later on, AIG would restore the assets; yet mark it off in their books as though they made an Insurance Claim Payment. There was no hazard being moved. When Auditors understood that this approach wasn’t a serious Insurance Policy, Brightpoint started making â€Å"restatements† to their fiscal summaries. Clearly there is misrepresentation when the books require various â€Å"restatements†. After the SEC had record ed their claim, AIG immediately settled on understandings to agree to $10 Million.This was just a common punishment. No criminal punishments were regulated by the Federal Courts for this â€Å"Retro-dynamic Policy†. This installment of $10 Million came about in AIG’s benefit a unimportant $100,000. It couldn't be any more obvious, SEC v. Brightpoint (2003). Brightpoint was not by any means the only organization got â€Å"assistance† from AIG around a similar time period. Another organization, known as PNC Financial Services Group Inc. (hereinafter PNC), was additionally included. To put it plainly, PNC was a Pennsylvania bank holding organization. AIG encouraged PNC to move $762 million of benefits off of the asset reports. 9] By now, it appears AIG was a â€Å"pro† at contorting accounting reports. They didn’t like low total compensations and they helped other people by sharing their strategies of â€Å"distortion†. The SEC calls these â₠¬Å"PAGIC† exchanges, since overall gains mysteriously show benefit. PNC had moved their resources for another substance which PNC held significant intrigue. They had made three (3) exchanges which were planned to lessen their misfortunes with respect to credits and funding ventures by â€Å"transferring†, as per the SEC rundown findings.PNC had then neglected to represent these exchanges as a benefit or an advance which neglected to show up on their asset reports. This decreased their introduction to â€Å"troubled credits and unstable assets†. (See SEC v. PNC Financial Services, Inc. ) These exchanges were clearly structure

Nature of Organizational Project Management MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Nature of Organizational Project Management. Answer: Portfolio Reflection Achievement resembles as three-legged stool alludes to the learning technique of the understudies, at the primary stage the understudies should get prepared to learn new things, at that point they have to have self control of learning the authority aptitudes lastly they become the pioneers in the down to earth field. So as to build up a strong venture plan, the undertaking administrator must give the insights regarding the extent of the task, spending plan, asset and course of events of the task. If there should be an occurrence of the outer activities, the venture administrator must consider the productivity. The PM ought to guarantee that the venture will made adequate measure of benefits for all the partners. Its not about the age of an official to receive the venture the executives viewpoints, its about the initiative aptitudes, basic reasoning force and experience. If there should arise an occurrence of discovering wastefulness in the practical line, the venture administrator sh ould sift through it by talking with the colleagues appropriately. The task chiefs ought to adhere to the built up standard organization strategies. The undertaking support dont reserve the privilege to expel an in-house delegate from the organization. Venture the board starts to transform into over administration when the PM puts a need on overseeing as opposed to achieving the objectives set out for the task. The program supervisor is answerable for building up the arrangement of the task and conveying the undertaking and to the customer. References Drouin, N., Sankaran, S. what's more, Muller, R., 2016. The idea of hierarchical task the board and its job as an authoritative capability.Manageable Cooperation?. Heagney, J., 2016.Fundamentals of venture the executives. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.

Enterlude

Enterlude “So, you gonna play?” I said, raising an eyebrow expectantly at Daniel M. ’14. It was ten at night, and in the East Campus courtyardâ€"littered with trees and illuminated by flashing, multicolored lightsâ€"the East Side party raged on. Tech-y house music thumped through the disgustingly humid air while students from all across campus displayed dance skills ranging from “decent” to “huh, that’s a little weird, but okay” and “is that even legal?” Crowds stared in awe at the towering EC rollercoaster, which stood terrifyingly untested (and, thus, unpopulated); little clusters of people gathered, respectively, around the giant Etch-a-Sketch, rotating wooden centrifuge ride, and car-sized pirate-shipâ€"which, as I later learned, was destined to wage intra-campus aqueous warfare. I’d ditched all the aforementioned features for the apple of my childhood-reliving eye, the glory of the East Side party: 3-D Twister. I stood before the short, white rock-climbing wall spray-painted with Twister dots, gesturing encouragingly at Daniel in the hopes of securing a game buddy. “Nah,” he said, shaking his head. “I’ll sit this one out. You have fun, though.” “Fine, fine,” I laughed, turning and flagging down the guy perched on top of the wall, who balled up a white t-shirt covered in even more Twister polka-dots and tossed it down to me. Tugging it on over my top, I grinned, bounded up the wall, found a foothold, and prepared to contort my way to victory. Welcome to REX. One of the first things you learn when you get to college is that there’s a pretty universal handful of questions that all freshmen ask each other when they first meet. Not to suggest that we’re not, in fact, fabulously creative people capable of dazzling, captivating, and generally worldly smalltalk over tea and crumpets (daintily eaten with raised pinkies, of course). Perish the thought! But we do need a baselineâ€"a bare minimum, a foundation we can build opinions and relationships on later, when the flash-bang chaos of REX and Orientation ends. So, to start, my name is Natanya K. ’14. Er, well, not really. My parents weren’t cruel enough to give me a name with numbers and symbols, v† la internet handles. But for the sake of tradition, year, and, I suppose, potential e-stalking, I’ll leave it as is. Natanya is pronounced Nuh-TAWN-Yuh (like “Tanya” with a “Na” in front! Or so I tell people so they don’t call me Natasha), and while I tend to prefer it over nicknames, I’ll occasionally go by Nate on the lacrosse field, or Tanya while around small children. I hail from sunny San Diego, and have thus never owned a pair of rainboats. I also neglected to bring an umbrella with me when I came out because oh it’s still summer there. I’ll be fine. HAH. WRONG. I didn’t see the sun for my first four days here because OH GOD POURING RAIN. But then it spiked into the high nineties with a bajillion percent humidity for a week. And then a hurricane hit! And now it’s fall. For the moment, anyway. Since I made my college choice partially because I wanted to go to a place with identifiable seasons instead of just multiple variations on summer, I suppose I shouldn’t complain. Build a weather machine, maybe, but save the complaints for another time. To briefly nutshell myself: I’m a veteran lacrosse player, and a rookie rugby player; I’m horrible at the arts, with the (possible) exception of creative writing, but I love music something fierce, and harbor a doomed desire to become skilled in the art of hip-hop dancing; math is my absolute worst subject; I frivolously dream of heading down to South Africa to see the great white sharks; I’m a connoisseur of bad reality television, a poker aficionado, a Jew, a Chargers fan, and, as of May 3rd, 2010, a student of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. If you’d asked me even a year ago where I thought I’d be now, MIT would be the last place I would have saidâ€"if I’d even thought to say it. I’ve gone from knowing exactly what I want to do here to being thoroughly undecided, and I don’t have the faintest clue how I’m going to keep up with everything on my plateâ€"but, for the life of me, I can’t imagine anywhere else I’d rather be. With regards to the reasons I’m here, I’ll just say, for now, that they’re many, varied, and occasionally kismet-tastic. I’ll be writing more about those later, but the gist of it? I’m a starry-eyed frosh who thinks that MIT is the best place in the universe. As for whether that’ll last, who knows? Maybe, come four years from now, MIT will have knocked those stars clean out of my sockets. Possibly with a firehose. But somehow, I doubt it. Post Tagged #East Campus #REX

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Can Punitive Measures Curtail Crime Essay - 841 Words

Crime remains the most pressing problems of all times presenting the biggest challenge to the development of any nation. Apart from the effect of fear of crime and violence of victims, it also has a devastating impact on the society. It is extremely important that all efforts should be made to reduce the level of crime in a society. But the question of concern is what measures can be taken to reduce the level of crime? What types of controls should be used so that the crime rate reduces to an optimal level? This paper will analyze the importance of punitivity in social welfare and as crime control policy. It is essential to understand the concept of punitivty as it is the attitude towards punishment. For example people in U.K. and U.S have†¦show more content†¦To ensure that people abide by these laws, the state again imposes certain regulations. These special regulations are called punishment,. The basic idea of punishment is to protect people and punish those who do not ab ide by the laws. Punishment is a form of social control which his intended to act as a deterrent for people who perform unlawful actions. The effectiveness of punishment depends upon the attitude of people towards punishment. Simply it means whether people are actually afraid of a certain punishment or not. For example the punishment of a murder is death sentence. But the concern is whether this punishment is sufficient to act as a deterrent against murders. The fear of punishment is what is known as punitive attitude. If people have fear of punishment, there is high probability that they will not kill a person. On the other hand, if the punishment is not very harsh for example, a murderer is only imprisoned for two years, then the fear of punishment is likely to be low and the crime arte will be higher in the society. The idea of social control is highly integrated with social welfare. In simple terms, social welfare is intended to promote the well being of individuals living in a society. For example, if the government is providing a certain health facility, the idea is to promote the well being of the people living in that society. The idea of social control such as punishment also intends to protect the people from others. All forms of socialShow MoreRelatedThe Approach of the Drug Policy Research Centre in Uganda1637 Words   |  7 Pagesdrug cases reported and investigated in 2011 were 1,563 compared to 871 cases in 2010 reflecting a 79% increase (Uganda Police, 2011).The increase in use of khat and cannabis has been attributed to underemployment, family disruptions, high rates of crime and affordability (UYDEL, 2009). A new report indicates that the economic cost of loss of productivity from drug-related incarcerations is considerably higher than the cost associated with drug use. 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Political Development Of Texas Government My Assignment Help

Question: Describe constitutional history to explain the political development of Texas Government? Answer: Assessing the constitutional history to explain the political development of Texas Government. Year and Document Title of Texas (State, Republic, nation etc.) Purpose of the document Political Issues, Tensions, Debates and Causes Key changes and impact on organization, structure and power of Texas Government and consequences 1824 Federal Constitution Of United Mexican States Texas was a state. Change of structure of government and proper uniformity across Texas. Catholic was now made the main religion, the faith of the state and everybody followed it. Constitutional Government came into picture in Texas after 1824 Federal Constitution Of United Mexican States. But numerous limitations on the power of the President. Supreme court had to function with 11 judges and attorney under separate executive, legislative, and judicial functions. 1829 Constitution Of The State Of Coahuila Y Tejas Texas was a state given these two states- Coahuila and Texas- power to make separate constitutions. The administration replied with Decree Number 70 in 1829 excusing from creditor claims all lands expected from the Spanish independent along with other movable property. The constitution separated the state into three departments as the District of Bexar was also there. This decree was also taken back in 1831. Declaration Of Independence 1836 Independent state- no ties with Mexico. Deceleration of independence being the purpose. 183 defenders were killed. This included many Mexicans who had fought for the independence of Texas. But all the oil-soaked bodies of these men were set on fire outside the Alamo. They became an independent state with no ties with other states under Mexico. Constitution Of Republic Of Texas 1836 Republic of Texas. Purpose- their own constitution. The threat of attack by Mexican mounted troops inclined to throttle the originality in the document. The first Anglo-American constitution to govern Texas. The great numbers of limitations and restrictions which were often found in state constitutions of the time were evaded. Constitution Of Republic Of Texas 1845 Became a state under United Sates. The capture of Texas to the United States became a topic of political debate. Moreover after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. All of this became a matter of international concern when Texas was a republic (Between 1836 and 1845) The legislative department was now composed of a Senate. And from nineteen to thirty-three members with a House of Representatives of from forty-five to ninety. All bills have to be issued in this house only. The judiciary had supreme courts, judicial courts and other small courts. Constitution Of Republic Of Texas 1861 Texas being a full part of U.S.A. The words United States of America were substituted with Confederate States of America. Slaveryrights were more directly defended. A clause providing for freedom of slaves was eliminated, and declared illegal. This constitution did not legalize the recommencement of the African slave trade. Constitution Of Republic Of Texas 1866 Texas reentered the union. Only white men could serve in the legislature. Acceptance of abolition of slavery. Governors term was increased to 4 years and they were not allowed to serve more than 8 years in a 12-year period. Salaries also got increased. Constitution Of Republic Of Texas 1869 State under United States Radical Reconstruction period Civil war started with so many injuries to family and friends and it was the blame on south which was evident. Constitution Of Republic Of Texas 1876 State under United States Education policies led to rising costs and thus high property taxes. Power- centralized in the state government References Hans Peter Nielsen Gammel, comp. 1898. Laws of Texas, 18221897.Austin: Gammel Henderson K. Yoakum. 1855. History of Texas from Its First Settlement in 1685 to Its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (2 vols., New York: Redfield,). Benson, Nettie Lee. 1987. Texas as Viewed from Mexico. 18201834.. Southwestern Historical Quarterly The Constitution of Mexico, and of the State of Coahuila and Texas. 1832. New York: Ludwig and Tolefree.

Synthesis of chloropentaaminecobalt(lll) chloride Essays

Synthesis of chloropentaaminecobalt(lll) chloride Essays Synthesis of chloropentaaminecobalt(lll) chloride Paper Synthesis of chloropentaaminecobalt(lll) chloride Paper Insert the tube into the MSB and take a mental average of the fluctuating reading. 5. Repeat the previous step three times. 6. If the MSB displays a negative number, the coordination complex is diamagnetic and no further steps are necessary. 7. Determine how many unpaired electrons reside on the cobalt. E. Interpreting Infrared Spectrum 1. Assign the bands of the infrared spectrum of the complex. Results A. Synthesizing Carbonatotetraamminecobalt (III) nitrate: [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 The first attempt to dissolve the ammonium carbonate in 30. 0 mL of water failed because some chunks still remained. It was important to grind the ammonium carbonate down to a fine powder because the dissolution process took place very slowly and bigger chunks would not have dissolved. After all of the 10. 012 g of ammonium carbonate was dissolved, the liquid remained clear. The addition of 7. 56 g of cobalt nitrate to 15. 0 mL of water was very fluent and took on a color between dark purple and maroon. When the ammonium carbonate and cobalt nitrate solutions were added together, the new mixture was a blood red. After the mixture was stirred, however, it darkened and became nearly black. The 4. 0 mL of 30% H2O2 solution which was slowly added caused the mixture to bubble, sizzle and gain heat, while staying black. While the solution, which was poured into a large crucible, was concentrated over a Bunsen burner, evaporation occurred very slowly. During evaporation, the solution bubbled a little, gas was evolved, and the dissolution of 2. 49 g of ammonium carbonate in the hot solution was visible due to tiny bubbles. After the evaporation was complete and the volume had dropped to 48 mL, the solution had the same appearance. However, after suction filtering the solution, the color became a lighter purple. After the cold water bath, it looked somewhat powdery on the bottom. Filtering a second time resulted in only a pink/purple powder which appeared somewhat crystalline. When the solid was mixed with a scupula during the 10 minute drying process, it looked a lot more like crystals. The final mass of the crystals was 3. 039 g. The balanced equation for the synthesis of carbonatotetraamminecobalt (III) nitrate is shown below as well as the calculations for determining percent yield. 2Co(NO3)2 + 6NH3 + 2(NH4)2CO3 + H2O2 2[Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 + 2NH4NO3 + 2H2O Theoretical Yield: Density of NH3 (liquid) = . 628 g/ml Density of 30% H2O2 = 1. 11 g/ml Moles of NH3 = (30 ml)(. 628 g/ml)/(17. 031 g/mol) = 1. 20 mol Moles of H2O2 = (4. 0 ml)(1. 11 g/ml)/(34. 015 g/mol) = . 131 mol Moles of [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2 = . 025 mol Moles of (NH4)2CO3 = . 105 mol Limiting Reactant = [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2 (. 025 mol of [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2)(2 mol of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 / 2 mol [Co(H2O)6](NO3)2) = .025 mol of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 (. 025 mol of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3)(249. 066g) = 6. 22 g Percent Yield (Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield)(100) = (3. 039 g/6. 22 g)(100) = 48. 86 % Yield B. Measuring Absorbance Spectroscopy. Two distinct peaks of intensity were noticeable for the absorbance spectrum of the cobalt solution between 350 to 650 nm. Below are the calculations for determining the mass of crystals required to create a solution of the right concentration to produce a spectrum of absorbance at approximately 0. 6. A = ? lC 0. 6 = (100 M-1cm-1)(1 cm)(C mol/L) 0. 006 M = C mol/L mol = . 0006 .0006 mol = (mass)/(249. 037 g/mol) mass = 0. 149 g [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 The mass of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 added to 100 mL of water was 0. 149 g. Initially, the crystals were dissolved in a beaker to ease stirring. After dissolving, the solution turned purple. The solution was poured into an Erlenmeyer flask and filled with more water to the line on the flask. Below are the calculations for determining the extinction coefficient at each lambda max. The graph for the absorption spectrum is attached. .579 = (? max)(1 cm)(. 006 M) ?max = 96. 5 .519 = (? max)(1 cm)(. 006 M) ?max = 86. 5 C. Measuring conductivity Below are the calculations for preparing a . 001 M solution of the cobalt complex in 100 mL of water. (. 001 M/1000 mL) = (. 0001 mol/100 mL) .0001 mol = (mass/249. 037 g/mol) mass = .025 g. Below are the calculations for finding k, the correction factor. k = literary value/actual value Literary value = 1384 i seimens Actual value of KCl = 1420 i seimens k = (1384/1420) = . 975 Below are the calculations for finding the conductance of the cobalt solution. Probe reading of cobalt solution = 90 i seimens [((1000)(90 i seimens))(. 975)/. 002M](1x10e-6) = 43. 88 i seimens D. Measuring Magnetic Susceptibility Average empty tube reading = -004 Mass of empty tube = . 884 g Mass of tube with crystals = 1. 022 g Height of chemical in capillary rod = 3. 25 cm. Average filled tube reading = -004 (diamagnetic) Temperature of the room = 18. 6 ? C No calculations required. E. Interpreting Infrared Spectrum [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 IR spectrum: spikes at frequencies(cm-1) of 280, 500, 830, 1290, 1380, 1600, and 3300. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 IR spectrum: spikes at frequencies(cm-1) of 830, 1290, 1550, 3200. NaNO3 IR spectrum: spikes at frequencies(cm-1) of 830 and 1380. Discussion A problem occurred during the conductivity measurements of the cobalt complex. The expected values for conductance were between 118 and 131, but the actual calculated value was 43. 88 microseimens. Clearly, the problem arose during the probe reading in the cobalt solution. It is possible that the probes reading was skewed because it made contact with the glass wall of the beaker. This problem would have definitely lowered the reading relative to what it should have been. The absorbance spectrum of the cobalt complex on the wavelength interval 350-650 nm displayed two distinct peaks, meaning that both ions of the coordination compound were separated. This suggests strongly that the coordination compound was indeed synthesized correctly. The absorption intensities at both lambda maxes were relatively close, around 0. 6. These absorption values were used in the Beers Law equation to solve for the molar absorbance, also called the extinction coefficient. Both molar absorbance values are fairly close to 100, but deviations of 4 and 14 imply that some impurities still remain in the compound, possibly left over from the evaporation process. The coordination compound characterization via magnetic susceptibility was rather simple data requiring no calculations. The reason for this is that the magnetic susceptibility reading of the crystal-filled glass tube was equal to the reading of the empty tube, and that both were negative values. Negative values signify that the coordination compound is diamagnetic, which means that no unpaired electrons are present. The reason for the pairing of electrons can be explained with crystal field splitting. When electrons are introduced to d-orbitals, a change in energy occurs. Electrons will move to orbitals with the lowest possible energy. The ideal behavior for electrons after occupying the dxy, dx2, and dyz orbitals is to pair with the electrons already in these same orbitals. This is true only if ? E, or the energy difference from these orbitals to the dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, is greater than the energy cost for pairing with electrons in the lower orbitals. In the case of the cobalt complex, the spin pairing energy is much less than ? E, causing the electrons to pair in the lower energy orbitals. This pairing makes the complex a low-spin complex, implying that it is in fact diamagnetic. The goal of the infrared spectroscopy analysis was to prove that the cobalt coordination compound which was created during this experiment was actually created instead of a different compound with similar properties and bonds. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 and NaNO3 were available to compare with the infrared spectrum of [Co(NH3)5CO3]NO3. Clearly, [Co(NH3)5CO3]NO3 cannot be the same compound as NaNO3 because they only share one infrared band. Both coordination compounds have a band at 3300 cm-1 which corresponds to a N-H stretch, one at 1600 cm-1 corresponding to N-H bending, one at 1300 cm-1 corresponding to N-H symmetric bending, and one at 830 cm-1 corresponding to N-H bending. The most important difference between these coordination compounds lies in the common spike of [Co(NH3)5CO3]NO3 and NaNO3 at 1380 cm-1. Because these two compounds share this spike while the Cl coordination compound does not, the 1380 cm-1 peak must represent an N-O bond, which is the most significant spike on the NaNO3 spectrum as would be expected. During the synthesis of carbonatotetraamminecobalt (III) nitrate, several factors could have contributed to the relatively low quantity of crystals formed in terms of the percent yield. After calculations, it was concluded that 6. 22 grams of crystals should have been produced. However, only 3. 039 grams was actually produced. One of these factors that may have contributed to the low percent error of 48. 86% is the short evaporation stage. Since time was a factor during the experiment, the solution may not have been given enough time to evaporate any impurities. While the final volume of the solution was verified to be 48 mL, under the designated 50 mL, more impurities could have evaporated. If the solution had sat above a Bunsen burner for a greater length of time, it would have undoubtedly become more concentrated. Another factor which possibly contributed to a low percent yield is measurement errors. Although a good level of confidence can be felt about whether or not the right amounts were added, there is always room for error. A simple miscalculation or slight deviation in a measurement could have thrown off the remainder of the synthesis. Furthermore, a very obvious source of error can be found regarding the filtering system. The crystal product is quite soluble in water for the fact that its ions can be easily separated. For this reason, ice cold water was used whenever contact had to be made with the crystals; the low temperature of the water prevents the dissolution of the crystals to some extent. In the filter, some of the crystals could have dissolved and fallen through, which would have resulted in a poor percent yield. In general, this experiment ran very smoothly and achieved its purpose of providing detailed information regarding the properties and synthesis processes of a transition metal coordination compound. To improve the results of percent yield and perhaps to improve the results in many areas of characterization, the evaporation stage should be lengthened to facilitate the removal of remaining impurities.

John Brown and His Raid on Harpers Ferry

John Brown and His Raid on Harpers Ferry The abolitionist John Brown remains one of the most controversial figures of the 19th century. During a few years of fame before his fateful raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Americans either regarded him as a noble hero or a dangerous fanatic. After his execution on December 2, 1859, Brown became a martyr to those opposed to slavery. And the controversy over his actions and his fate helped stoke the tensions that pushed the United States to the brink of Civil War. Early Life John Brown was born on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut. His family was descended from New England Puritans, and he had a deeply religious upbringing. John was the third of six children in the family. When Brown was five, the family moved to Ohio. During his childhood, Browns very religious father would exclaim that slavery was a sin against God. And when Brown visited a farm in his youth he witnessed the beating of slave. The violent incident had a lasting effect on young Brown, and he became a fanatical opponent of slavery. John Browns Anti-Slavery Passion Brown married at the age of 20, and he and his wife had seven children before she died in 1832. He remarried and fathered 13 more children. Brown and his family moved to several states, and he failed at every business he entered. His passion for eliminating slavery became the focus of his life. In 1837, Brown attended a meeting in Ohio in memory of Elijah Lovejoy, an abolitionist newspaper editor who had been killed in Illinois. At the meeting, Brown raised his hand and vowed that he would destroy slavery. Advocating Violence In 1847 Brown moved to Springfield, Massachusetts and began befriending members of a community of escaped slaves. It was at Springfield that he first befriended the abolitionist writer and editor Frederick Douglass, who had escaped from slavery in Maryland. Browns ideas became more radical, and he began advocating a violent overthrow of slavery. He argued that slavery was so entrenched that it could only be destroyed by violent means. Some opponents of slavery had become frustrated with the peaceful approach of the established abolition movement, and Brown gained some followers with his fiery rhetoric. John Browns Role in Bleeding Kansas In the 1850s the territory of Kansas was rocked by violent conflicts between anti-slavery and pro-slavery settlers. The violence, which became known as Bleeding Kansas, was a symptom of the highly controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act. John Brown and five of his sons moved to Kansas to support the free-soil settlers who wanted Kansas to come into the union as a free state in which slavery would be outlawed. In May 1856, in response to pro-slavery ruffians attacking Lawrence, Kansas, Brown and his sons attacked and killed five pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas. Brown Desired a  Slave Rebellion After acquiring a bloody reputation in Kansas, Brown set his sights higher. He became convinced that if he started an uprising among slaves by providing weapons and strategy, the revolt would spread across the entire south. There had been slave uprisings before, most notably the one led by the slave Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831. Turners rebellion resulted in the deaths of 60 whites and the eventual execution of Turner and more than 50 African Americans believed to have been involved. Brown was very familiar with the history of slave rebellions, yet still believed he could start a guerrilla war in the south. The Plan to Attack on Harpers Ferry Brown began to plan an attack on the federal arsenal in the small town of Harpers Ferry, Virginia (which is in present-day West Virginia). In July 1859, Brown, his sons, and other followers rented a farm across the Potomac River in Maryland. They spent the summer secretly stockpiling weapons, as they believed they could arm slaves in the south who would escape ​to join their cause. Brown traveled to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania at one point that summer to meet with his old friend Frederick Douglass. Hearing Browns plans, and believing them suicidal, Douglass refused to participate. John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry On the night of October 16, 1859, Brown and 18 of his followers drove wagons into the town of Harpers Ferry. The raiders cut telegraph wires and quickly overcame the watchman at the armory, effectively seizing the building. Yet a train passing through town carried the news, and by the next day forces began to arrive. Brown and his men barricaded themselves inside buildings and a siege began. The slave uprising Brown hoped to spark never happened. A contingent of Marines arrived, under the command of Col. Robert E. Lee. Most of Browns men were soon killed, but he was taken alive on October 18 and jailed. The Martyrdom of John Brown Browns trial for treason in Charlestown, Virginia was major news in American newspapers in late 1859. He was convicted and sentenced to death. John Brown was hanged, along with four of his men, on December 2, 1859 at Charlestown. His execution was marked by the tolling of church bells in many towns in the north. The abolitionist cause had gained a martyr. And the execution of Brown was a step on the countrys road to Civil War.

Issues in sports 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issues in sports 2 - Essay Example 2. The issue of performance-enhancing drugs has been created in medicine and sport to ensure fair-play. It is considered vital that athletes should compete on a level playing field, on equal grounds, with the same advantages and liabilities provided to players from opposing teams. To articulate and enforce the concept of fair-play, there are anti-doping policies which prevent the use of performance-enhancing drugs. The use of these drugs goes against the rules of sports and is viewed as cheating (Kayser et al 2). 3. Management of the issue of performance-enhancing drugs is through the â€Å"physician involved in the athlete’s health supervision† (Kayser et al 9). The established ethics of the medical profession dictates that the physician’s role should be one of preserving the athlete’s autonomy. This is required to be done by maintaining a balance between ensuring the treatment leads to the highest degree of present and future health, while concurrently permitting the athlete to maintain a preferred life style. Principles of good practice for the role of sports physicians is an ethically rigorous need that has to be fulfilled. For this, employing independent physicians with status comparable to other sports officials, is possibly the best strategy for developing good practice. 4. The ways in which the above management action will affect the sport and society at large is an important aspect of the issue of performance-enhancing drugs. In contemporary times sports are increasingly significant for economic and political reasons. Elite sport is a self-sustaining enterprise, with extensive financial returns from â€Å"advertisement, media and audience revenues† (Kayser et al 9). Doping control cannot be considered as an internal matter of the sports community, since considerable public funds as well as governmental resources are provided for sports, for the purpose of health promotion and other sound reasons.

Marketing and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing and Strategy - Essay Example Adaptation is essential to an organization's survival in today’s unreceptive business environment. Marketers need to understand what is at the heart of their consumer offering and stay one-step ahead of the competition in terms of delivering it. It is quite evident that with increased globalization and improved technology, there are constant key emerging trends in marketing which are also changing various consumer needs. Marketing is defined as the conceptualization ad delivery of great customer satisfaction. According to Kaplan and Michael (2010), customers are no longer viewed as members of passive audiences rather they are now active participants in marketing processes. Marketing and marketing communication are changing daily. These changes offer a new wave of communication channels to both new and existing markets, which were not evident in the past decade within organizations. Clearly, there have been significant evidence on shift of focus and budget resources allocation into interactive online marketing which is facilitated with increase use of internet. Based on organizational changes across the globe, new theories of marketing have been largely developed such as electronic, social, and environmental and network marketing. These changes in marketing presume changes within consumers’ behaviors and transition towards electronic marketing (Kaplan and Michael 2010). Technology is changing the world past acknowledgment and consumer potential are evolving with it. No industry can afford to rest on its success. In this tough economic climate, small changes are not always enough to sustain a competitive advantage. New marketing models and fresh approaches to customer problems need to emerge rapidly to stay ahead of the competition. Today, the internet is considered one of the biggest forums. Kaplan and Michael (2010) assert that, there is a new change in marketing where marketers have turned to internet to facilitate their marketing processes. Many marketers have resulted to internet marketing for their business regardless of the kind of business being operated. Internet allows customers to review and purchases an organization product and services regardless on which part of the world they are in. customers are able to access company’s website purchase a commodity or service as well as refer a company to other at the comfort of their homes. Anderson and Narus (2004) maintain that, the use of internet is viewed as a holistic marketing, which has become today platform. Here, holistic marketing widely combines traditional marketing with new computer and digital capabilities to build long term and mutual satisfying relationship between the company and its customers. A good example in the adaptation of a holistic marketing process is in Japan where the country engages in u-Japan where information flows freely which facilitated by a network which can be accessed anytime from anywhere. The letter u represents ubiquitous which indicates a time where internet communication plays a major role in marketing linking both consumers and company (Anderson and Narus 2004). Further, based on online marketing marketers have engaged the use of email newsletters to keep in touch with their customers as opposed to traditional method of designing catalogues and brochures. Dwyer and Tanner (2006) assert that, email newsletters are considered as the method, which displays return on investment (ROI) in internet marketing. For example, markets are using full service providers, which are known to create content as well as designing the marketing layout and later send out organizational newsletters. In addition, online marketing have resulted to two new kinds of resellers namely; infomediaries and metamediaries (Dwyer and Tanner 2006). Infomediaries are web pages such as Google and Yahoo that acts as brokers in today’s marketing world. Metamediaries are companies that possess robust internet

Critical Thinking Process Case Study

Critical Thinking Process Case Study As Buckingham and Adams (2000) state, â€Å"getting a better understanding of their decision making processes has important benefits for nurses†, and for their employers and their patients (p 982). Critical thinking in nursing is related to the traditional nursing model of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation, a fundamental nursing process (Lee et al, 2006). Because of the universal application of the nursing process, and its efficacy, there is an assumption that â€Å"the process of clinical problem-solving is well understood† (Taylor, 2000 p 842-849). This essay explores the critical thinking process related to one client, and evaluates the quality of that process and its relationship to effective planning and implementation of nursing care. Some theorists link critical thinking in nursing to diagnostic practice, particularly in relation to advanced nursing practice, and cite this as a new phenomenon (Lee et al, 2006). This author however, would argue that this is a part of nursing practice in every case, and that critical thinking and diagnostic processes are very similar, except it has never been called diagnosis in nursing until recently. However, Lee et al (2006) do cite the means by which nursing judgements on which plans of care are based, including systems-processing type judgements and intuitive reasoning. One of the criticisms of nursing decision making, however, and a problem which continues to trouble the profession, is the reduction of this process to little more than intuitive processes rather than rational ones (Buckingham and Adams, 2000). This is partly because â€Å"nurses have struggled continually to articulate the nature of their expertise† Buckingham and Adams, 2000 p 982). But the literature demonstrates that intuitive processes tend to represent subconscious decision making combined with conscious decision making, and this author believes that both are of equal value and importance in coming to decisions and planning nursing actions and ongoing care. Aitken (2003) suggests that clinical decision making starts with the development of a hypothesis, which is then proved or disproved by further gathering of clinical data, objective and subjective, including objective tests and nursing-process related observations and questioning. â€Å"Hypotheses were used to summarize attributes that had already been acquired, describe the possible problem that existed and direct future attribute acquisition.† (Aitken, 2003 p 481). Offredy (1998) in research on nurse practitioners found that hypothesis generation as part of the decision making process occurred even before the client history had been taken, and that this kind of ‘hunch’ was one which they believed to be borne out in later more objective clinical evaluation. This is related to the level of experience of the nurse (Offredy, 1998). Lee et al (2006 p 61)) cite the following variables as affecting critical thinking processes: knowledge; experience; discipline specific training, which provides the diagnostic labels that can be used to ‘classify and explain the data’ involved ; and the task. Aitken (2003) suggests that the strategies which are applied to nursing decision making is not necessarily a conscious plan but could be a process which is more subconscious. This may be related to what Offredy (1998) describes as pattern recognition. In this case, the critical thinking process was based on Jaslyn’s symptoms and presentation in terms of physical and emotional state, which in turn were identified and informed by the nurse’s own knowledge, nursing and symptom related knowledge, and by the nurse’s experience gained from training and previous practice. There were key factors which highlighted Jaslyn’s state of health/illness and also flagged up the warning signs that signified Jaslyn’s immediate needs. These were identified both through objective data and subjective data, which in terms of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, could be seen as safety and security needs, related to the patient’s expressed suicidal thoughts, and physiological needs, related to her physical condition, which, once met, would allow for interventions to support in meeting her self-esteem and other psychological and emotional needs. Prioritisation of safety and physiological needs may be derived from p revious nursing experience, as already suggested, because, as Aitken (2003) suggests, clinical decision making processes can be affected by the decision-making environment, and also by â€Å"the potential consequences of each of the [potential] alternative decisions† (p 477). Thus previous experience of nursing, combined with knowledge from my training, which is also affected by the socialisation process of nursing, and by the shared knowledge of colleagues, placed the greatest emphasis on the prevention of harm occurring, which led to the decision to provide close supervision of the patient to prevent self-harm. Another attribute of this decision making process, one which I had hitherto not recognised, was the use of what Aitken (2003) calls â€Å"a think aloud† method (p 483). This is very much evident in the kind of decision making I engage in, and critical reflection suggests that I have learned this process from colleagues, because the process seems to be a communal one, in which colleagues (including myself) verbalise their judgements on findings and gain confirmation from each other that their findings and actions are correct. This might also be a means of trying to reduce the potential for error which is inherent in the decision making proc ess, and constitutes the risk element of the process (Buckingham and Adams, 2000; Round, 2001). The application of the nursing process has shown me that processes of decision making are based on experience, but that some of this experience is derived from shared knowledge and experience with colleagues. Throughout the decision making process involved in this case, decision making was more collaborative than unilateral, signifying the fact that no clinical decision is made in isolation. The decision making process was borne out in the clinical progression of the case, and reflection demonstrates that decision making is both objective, and informed by intuition, but that what is called intuition is simply the bringing to bear of knowledge developed through experience. References Aitken, L.M. (2003) Critical care nurses’ use of decision-making strategies. Journal of Clinical Nursing 12 476-483. Buckingham, C.d. and Adams, A. (2000) Classifying clinical decision making: a unifying approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing 32 (4) 981-989. Lee, J, Chan, A.C.M. and Phillips, D.R. (2006) Diagnostic practise in nursing: a critical review of the literature. Nursing and Health Sciences 8 57-65. Offredy, M. (1998) The application of decision making concepts by nurse practitioners in general practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing 28 (5) 988-1000. Round, A. (2001) Introduction to clinical reasoning. Journal of Evaluation in clinical practice7 (2) 109-117. Taylor, C. (2000) Clinical problem-solving in nursing: insights from the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing 31 (4) 842-849.

Balancing work, school and family life

Balancing career demands, family responsibilities, and college studies has never been an easy feat. Since time as a resource, has been and probably will always be scarce, we have to manage it as efficiently as possible. Seemingly, your time Is already being stretched too thin, with work and family obligations, so taking on the added responsibility of a college education, makes It even more daunting. But looking across the board of any spectrum of middle Income earners, one thing that we find common among them is a college degree. With that being said, many people find it an uphill task to obtain a degree.This is because they already have work and family obligations to contend with. However, with higher education being the way out of poverty for most people, they decide later in life to go to college, to pursue tertiary education. Even though pursuing a college education can be an uphill task, its benefits, outweighs any challenges it may present. In the end, it affords you and your f amily, the chance of getting ahead in life. One of the problems most people in this situation face is how much time they spend at the workplace. Whichever way you look at It, there are only twenty four hours In any given day.So more often than not, you will find yourself out of time, running late, trying to get from one particular engagement to the other, or turning In overdue writing assignments. Most people spend between eight to ten hours on the Job on a dally basis. In spite of the added responsibility of college work, you are still expected to meet productivity levels and even in some cases, exceed them. You have deadlines to meet, meetings to attend, and bosses to answer to. Now that you are a college student, the boss has found a way to give you more responsibilities. Of course this comes with some remuneration or your troubles.Brace yourself. Nobody said it was going to be easy. If it is easy, it probably wouldn't be worth much, anyway. There may be times when you will be so overwhelmed with this ‘balancing act' that, you will begin to second guess your decision. But rest assured, nothing could be further from the truth. Most times, by the time you get home you are completely exhausted. You still have a home to run, kids to take care of and a spouse to attend to. You settle In to cook dinner, to feed the family. Listen to how everybody day went. You Inspect their homework, scold where accessory, and praise where praise is due.At this juncture, you send everybody off to bed. You finally get some ‘me' time to yourself, only to be called upon to attend to some spousal duties. Oh lord when is this going to end? By the time you wiggle your way out of that, it is eleven pm. You need a ‘shut eye' badly, but one more thing. There is a writing assignment over due, so you decide to sacrifice a couple hours to get that paper done. You are awoken by your alarm clock at six in morning, still sitting at the desk in your attempt to complete your ass ignment. Another day is upon you, and the cycle continues.You somehow manage to get yourself up and waking everyone, you begin the process of getting them ready for school. It turned out you were able to complete the assignment, before sleep took over. In an hour or so, breakfast In the bellies, lunch boxes packed and backpacks strapped on, you file out ready to begin yet another day. You say a prayer to yourself. Slowly but surely, you are trekking on. You will get through this. In order to accomplish this task of strategies and prioritize. It is imperative to brainstorm. List all your daily engagements in a chronological order.Determining what tasks will be tackled first, which ones will be dealt with second, what will be third, and so forth, is the objective. The idea is to be able to free up some time in your regular schedule. Since all these tasks are of equal importance, you will have to make sure that none of them is ignored. It is always prudent to ask for help if you need o ne. A good way is to ask family and friends to help you out with the personal and family side of things. Let us face it. No one can study for you, that is, if you want to maintain the integrity of your education. Neither can anyone perform your duties at the office for you.This leaves he third option, family demands. Asking a family member to help out with picking up the kids from school, and help with the supervision of their homework, will go a long way to free up a few hours of your night, which you may then devote to your studies. You will be well advised to teach your kids to do some of the chores at home. Chores like the doing the dishes, the laundry, and the cleaning of the house can be undertaken by children. Asking your spouse to chip in where he or she hasn't previously. He or she can take up the cooking for three days of the week, or accommodate with leftovers in the refrigerator.Every little bit counts. Since things does not always go according to plan, having the abilit y to improvise in your arsenal, will serve you well. The act or art, of balancing a college education, work obligations, and family demands, maybe a very challenging ordeal. With that being said, it is not an impossible task. The pursuit of a college education, and all the problems associated with it, pales in comparison to its benefits. With perseverance, and great resolve, at the end of the day, will be worth the effort. You will be better off. It can be done, and has been done. With the wind, in your sail, Godspeed.

Abortion Essay Topics Guide

Abortion Essay Topics Guide The continuing debate is the perfect subject for a course or term paper. Bearing that in mind, based on the lengths you are ready to go when writing an abortion essays, you should begin with research. Based on whether you're arguing for pro-choice or pro-life you may want to concentrate on another spectrum or engage with your writing in a different method. A lot of people also feel that abstinence-only sex education shouldn't be the sole kind of sex education taught. Abortion Essay Topics - the Conspiracy The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. You need to pick words that will guarantee that the reader may wish to keep on reading that essay. There are four key components to each argumentative essay, and you're likely to have to include them should you need your essay to convince your readers. Consult with our argumentative essay example at a better understanding. An argumentative essay aim is to take one specific viewpoint out of the other viewpoints. An argumentative essays aim is to convince your reader to strengthen your side of the argument. Abortion, and any healthcare decisions women make, are extremely private and ought to never be available for debate. A woman might not be in a position to fund an alley-way, black market abortion and would need to deliver. So, although lots of people want abortion, and others do not want it, it's not a crystal clear line and nobody has been in a position to locate a decisive definition of when abortion becomes murder and when it ought to be allowed. Although some people today see abortion as murder, others feel that abortion ought to be allowed in the event of unwanted' pregnancy. Some people believe abortion is quite bad and that it should not be permitted whatsoever. Lots of people are continuously debating whether abortion ought to be allowed or not. Using Abortion Essay Topics The consequent pregnancy is her responsibility and is an immediate consequence of her actions though the pregnancy might be unwanted. Knowing the consequences of abortion enables women to make informed choices. In many instances of pregnancy there are distinct circumstances that might have led to that pregnancy, sometimes including rape. The many aspects impacting the issue will likewise be analyzed. Gossip, Decepti on and Abortion Essay Topics Really, for almost all of us it doesn't really matter in addition to the standard and services information provided via the webhost is a good deal more important. Selecting a topic might be the most challenging issue to do. Writing with pros and cons on the topic, you might discover yourself in a closed cycle, being not able to discover the proper information which you will need. If you are only prone to create a typical site then either Linux or Home home windows will likely be fine. The Downside Risk of Abortion Essay Topics The ideal way to engage the reader from the very first few lines is to bring a hook sentence. Mind a thesis proposal as a distinct assignment is a lengthy, doctoral-level project. A superb method to tell if your topics is an argument topic is to see whether you can debate your topic working with the info you find. As noted, it's no ordinary subject. Furthermore, in the instance of rape, abortion is among the options a wom an can employ to ensure she doesn't get an unplanned child. For one, consider the method by which the life of a teenager could possibly be ruined if an abortion isn't offered. Inside my opinion, as soon as a woman chooses to have sex, she's taking an opportunity. If it's in the very early stage, then it's not murder. New Step by Step Roadmap for Abortion Essay Topics If people consider the function of men in abortion, it appears that they usually consider the stereotype of the guy who forces the abortion or the male who abandons. You're against abortions, and you want to have more people to strengthen your idea. Sure, it may make her life more difficult to manage it, and she may need to endure a great deal of sacrifice, but in the majority of countries, especially developed countries that I assume the audience you're speaking to resides in, I have not ever heard of babies dying due to absence of sufficient ways. Lots of people that support women's rights might be personally against abortions. Other cases happen every time a mother involuntarily aborts as a result of starvation or malnutrition. It's wrong to suppose that a fetus isn't a human being since it doesn't talk, or isn't a social entity. In numerous countries and states, abortion is legalized in the example of rape. Thus, abortions are arguably the most popular medical procedures in the USA annually. The Debate Over Abortion Essay Topics The advantages and disadvantages of the debate surrounding abortion is going to be analyzed to present a concise analysis of the problem. To prove the fact that it is a social issue, we have to look at the components of a social issue. There are many points of abortion to review from other perspectives. Consequently, before embarking on the abortion essay, you are going to have to conduct extensive research to set up all constructive and negative elements of abortion.

Value Chain Analysis For Costco - 1000 Words

The purpose of this paper is to do a value chain analysis of Costco, identify their resources and capabilities, to conduct a SWOT analysis to identify the opportunities in which they are lagging and to form a strategy to move forward using the recourses and capabilities in the direction of utilizing those opportunities. Value Chain Analysis for Costco Conducting a value chain analysis provides a snapshot for identifying a firm’s relative competitive performance, core competencies, and for focusing on customer centric activities. Costco’s customer driven focus allows primary and support business activities to work in unity creating a stronger competitive advantage and thereby increasing profitability. Profitability and shareholder value rely on coordination of both sets of business activities to create a firm’s competitive advantage. Costco’s infrastructure skills and capabilities support operations for achieving low cost global leadership in warehouse retail sales and better than industry average. Costco’s culture strives to provide a limited variety of quality merchandise goods from private label and some well established brands. Costco’s value chain provides a diversified product base to a large globally diverse consumer base. Costco is industry leader to Target, and sometimes loses positioning to Wal-Mart’s Sam’s Club. Costco’s culture type is at Level 3, and positions the company for short-term and long-term success (see Table). Table Value Chain Analysis BusinessShow MoreRelatedValue Chain Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brief on the Organization Costco is among the leading global retailers which provide customers a wide range of merchandise, ranging from small to well-known brands. The company began operations in 1983. Over the years, Costco has been a retailer in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse club of merchandise. Moreover, Costco does not offer frills warehouse business models as its competitors do.   Costco’s major competitorsRead MoreCompettive Analysis Costco Wholesale Company1630 Words   |  7 PagesCompetitive Analysis SWOT analysis of Costco Wholesale Co. Costco Wholesale Corporation is the world’s largest membership warehouse club chain based on sales volume. Sales for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2008 were almost $71 billion (www.online.wsj.com). Costco was founded in Kirkland, Washington by James Sinegal and Jeffrey Brotman. Costco opened its first warehouse in Seattle, Washington, on September 15, 1983. Costco is headquartered in Issaquah, Washington (www.hoovers.com)Read MoreCostco Wholesale Corporation ( Cost )1567 Words   |  7 PagesCostco is a world’s largest warehouse chain wholesale, as well as second largest world retailer as in 2015, and it has about 672 warehouses all around the world. (Costco, n.d.) As shown from their own website, â€Å"Costco is a membership warehouse club, dedicated to bringing our members the best possible prices on quality brand-name merchandise.† (Costco Wholesale Corporation(COST), 2015) Costco is a big success in wholesale and retailer industry, and it ha s its unique value chain business model thatRead MoreStrategic Management and Costco Company Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesCostco Wholesale Corporation Part III Costco Wholesale Corporation is in an industry where there are several of dynamic competition from huge chains such as Wal-Mart or Sam’s Club and Target, and yet it could maintain a competitive and profitable stance. Effective strategic planning is essential part in operating any business in relation toward adapting to organizational and operational adaptation to changing markets. Through inquiries, the influence in the recent economic trendsRead MoreCostco Wholesale Corporation And Macys, Inc.1465 Words   |  6 Pageslimited to—company size and geographic features, culture and values, company successes, employee benefits, and social responsibility, as well as a situational analysis of current external and internal trends, I will focus my research on Costco Wholesale Corporation and Macy’s, Inc.. After researching the backgrounds and company profiles of Costco Wholesale and Macy’s, I learned about their current products and services as well as an analysis of their strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunitiesRead MoreCostco : A Supply Of Rivalry1587 Words   |  7 Pagesfive forces strongest force in the food retail industry is the degree of rivalry. I will discuss the strongest one first. The degree of rivalry for Costco is strongest because the products that warehouses sale are not differentiated from one another. The buyers can switch stores easily because it is not costly for them to shop around. However, Costco tries to counter switching of buyers by having customers become members and pay monthly fees for their membership as well as offering low prices onRead MoreCostco Wholesale Corporation Vs. The Company Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The business outlook for Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco or â€Å"the company†) is bright. Costco as we know and love today started out as Price Club, which was founded by legendary business man Sol Price. In 1975, Price was forced out of a chain of discount department store company he founded called FedMart. Shortly after, he drew up the concept of a warehouse store retail model on a napkin. Costco and its subsidiaries began operating in 1983 in Seattle Washington. It engages inRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Costco1480 Words   |  6 PagesCostco Wholesale Corporation became the second largest retail chain in the world. Costco Wholesale has 698 warehouses globally throughout the United States. It has made the challenge of enjoying higher quality products much easier for the customer through the benefits of buying items in bulk. Costco will continue to provide its members with quality goods and satisfaction. Their business style is one of the reasons to attract customer s and maintains loyalty. A mission statement of Costco WholesaleRead MoreCostco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy1309 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis 1 Costco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy Renee Francia Strategic Human Resources BME 0939883 May 2013 Term Company Background Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco) is a retail membership warehouse chain which was founded by Jim Sinegal and Jeff Brotman in 1983. Headquartered out of Issaquah, Washington, Costco has grown in to one of the largest wholesale giants in the industry. The company’s business model was to generate highRead MoreTarget Marketing Strategy Of Walmart993 Words   |  4 Pagesfirms† (Kim S.Nash). Target was the company recently outsourced a big portion of its technologic development to India and other U.S firms concerning outsourcing. In the past years, Target’s strategic use of technology made it possible to run supply chain more effectively and gained a competitive advantage. However, according to the Wall Street Journal, â€Å"Target Corp. plans to reduce technology outsourcing as it looks to hire 500 software engineers and others to focus on mobile and online using open-source